The Napatan and Meroitic empires capital

Archaeologists in Sudan are unearthing one of the world’s oldest civilisations – an ancient kingdom which began to fourish 5,000 years ago.

he number of pyramids in ancient Nubia (aka kingdom of Kush & today is called Sudan) were a total of 223, double the pyramids of its neighbor Egypt.

Already more than 700 sites of potential interest have been discovered in just one small part of that area.

This ancient Sudanese civilisation appears to have been ruled by a series of extraordinarily powerful kings – perhaps even emperors. Several of the royal tombs were spectacular man-made hills, 30 metres wide and up to 15 metres high. To underline their power in this life (and the next), the rulers of Kerma seem to have had the unsettling habit of taking all their retainers and many of their relatives with them to the afterlife! One tomb held 400 skeletons. Even before these kings began taking human escorts with them to eternity, their funerals had still been massive ritual events in which their imperial power over vast areas of territory was symbolically demonstrated. Indeed, excavations and subsequent scientific investigations over the last few years have revealed that some of the kings had themselves buried alongside the remains of literally thousands of cattle. In front of one royal grave, the king’s retainers had sacrificed 4,500 of the animals – arranging their skulls in a huge, horn-shaped crescent in front of the tomb. But of greatest significance was the chemical analysis of the horns, which revealed that the cattle had been reared in different environments and been brought to the funeral from the length and breadth of the kingdom.

What’s clear is that Kerma’s civilisation emerged out of an ancient pastoral culture that had flourished in that part of Sudan since at least 7000 B.C. when the first settlements were established. Nearby Kerma archaeologists have discovered one of the two oldest cemeteries ever found in Africa – dating back to 7500 B.C. – and the oldest evidence of cattle domestication ever found in Sudan or, indeed, in the Egyptian Nile Valley.
It was an advanced Black African state which established itself very successfully as a middle-man between sub-Saharan Africa and Egypt. It therefore supplied ancient Egypt with
everything from tropical animals and slaves to gold and precious hardwoods. Archaeologists have been unearthing truly wonderful works of art in Kerma – everything from model hippopotami, lions, giraffes, falcons, vultures, scorpions and crocodiles made of faience, mica, ivory and quartz to bracelets, ear decorations and necklaces made of gold, shell and faience. Kerma ceramics are among the most elegant from the ancient world – strikingly modern-looking with simple shapes and bold geometric designs. The kingdom’s capital was defended by substantial city walls.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubian_pyramids

http://www.m-huether.de/sudan/bajr.htm

http://users.telenet.be/african-shop/pyramids_in_south_africa.htm
http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/nubiapyramids.htm

Sudan’s oil , AGAIN !

OBVIOUSLY my previous post about the greed of the world in Sudans oil which is formed in the shape of ” Darfur crises ” will never be taken for a fact because allot of people finds it hard to belive that sudan is a huge oil country but because of the long time devastating civil war “which was leaded and ruled by the same people which they want sudan oil ever since” the life style of the petrolum countries had delyed from appearing at the sudanese scene ,thats why the world doesn’t know the oil amount under the Sudanese’s feet BUT not the whole world obviously .

i have fond this freshly new article at the afro news site i thought its to important to be left alone.

“New, secret oil installations in Darfur”

Oil and gas concessions in Sudan

© M.Miller/RightsMaps.com/afrol News

afrol News, 14 September – As massive new deliveries to Chinese-operated oil fields in Western Sudan are being covered up in Norway, workers in the oil supply industry insist that the equipment’s destination is the war-ravaged Darfur region, where “new discoveries” had been made. Neither the Sudanese nor the Chinese want to confirm new oil installations in Darfur.

Two Norwegian organisations, Norwatch and the Norwegian Council for Africa, today presented their investigations into a controversial delivery of “land based diesel motors and pumps” worth “tens of million of US$” by the Bergen-based company Rolls-Royce Marine, a daughter of UK’s Rolls-Royce, to Sudan. “The equipment probably will be used to connect new oil fields to the gigantic main oil pipeline in Sudan,” Erik Hagen of Norwatch says.According to a source in Sudan, the state-owned Chinese oil company CNPC had ordered the new equipment from Norway. CNPC is the operator of Sudan’s huge Block 6, which covers large parts of Western Kordofan and northern and southern Darfur. During the last few months, CNPC has been able to increase the production of Block 6 from 10,000 to 40,000 barrels a day.

A source closely associated to Rolls-Royce told Norwatch that the Chinese state-company recently had made new oil discoveries in Darfur, “information they so far have not wanted to make public.” The equipment delivered by Rolls-Royce also seems to be best suited to connect new wells to an existing field.

Press spokesman Arnfinn Ingjerd of Rolls-Royce Marine and Rolls-Royce headquarters in the UK first denied any knowledge of the large shipment to Sudan. After receiving new instructions from England, Mr Ingjerd this week however confirmed to Norwatch that equipment worth “somewhat more than US$ 10 million” was to be sent to Sudan “within a few months.”

Mr Ingjerd would not give details on his Sudanese clients, only saying that it was a “global and serious operator.” Two anonymous sources connected to Rolls-Royce Marine however confirm that “it is the Chinese”, meaning CNPC. One of these sources also maintains that the equipment is to be used within Darfur.

This is denied by Mr Ingjerd. “The delivery goes to the border area between Darfur and Kordofan,” he told Mr Hagen. He would however not specify on which side of the regional border the motors and pumps would be used.

Investments in the Sudanese oil sector are highly controversial, as are investments in the war-ravaged Darfur region. The US government on several occasions has gone after companies involved in Sudan’s oil sector, claiming they are partly responsible in genocide. Leslie Lefkow of Human Rights Watch advises against investments in the Kordofan-Darfur border area, which she holds is “within the Darfur conflict area”.

Darfuri rebels earlier have attacked oil installations on both sides of the regional border with Kordofan. The reason is that Block 6 also taps into oil resources on Darfuri soil, although most installations are within Kordofan. Rebel groups, in agreement with Washington and several human rights groups, also claim that oil revenues are used to finance the Sudanese government’s controversial warfare against Darfuri and other rebels.

Also the role of the Chinese in Sudan is widely criticised. Egbert Wesselink of the European Coalition on Oil in Sudan (ECOS) brusquely categorises “the behaviour of the Chinese oil company in Sudan” as “criminal”. CNPC acts like an economic and political ally of the Sudanese government, he says, claiming the company takes actively part in the massive human rights violations committed in Sudan.

Some sources claim thousands of Chinese troops are stationed in the country to protect Beijing’s growing interests in Sudan. The conflicts in Sudan have by some analysts been described as a mini-war between the US and China over the country’s immense oil resources. Booming China is the world’s fasting growing oil importing nation and is seeking independence from Washington’s control over the world’s oil resources.

Contrary to the Washington government, the ECOS does not believe in a boycott of the oils sector in Sudan or oil companies involved there. “This would not have any effect on the situation,” Mr Wesselink advised Norwatch. Instead, he urges oil companies to unite and try to influence the Khartoum regime.

Sudan’s oil resources nevertheless were widely seen as fuelling the now resolved long-lasting civil war between the North and the South. So far, control over oil resources has played a much smaller part in the Darfur conflict. New knowledge of oil production in this western part of Sudan however may provide Darfuri rebels with new demands of a revenue sharing deal between Khartoum and the province.

New, secret oil installations in Darfur

AliHaSSan

Darfur ; got them all NAKED ! by AliHaSSan

Are the U.S. , France and Britain taking advantage of Sudan’s oil in darfur ?

he rebels in southern Darfur are getting weapons from outside Sudan. “UN observers say they have better weapons than the Sudanese army, and are receiving supplies by air,” according to Crescent International (UK). The U.S. want to get President Deby out and a new president in who relies on it, not France.–”Oil Is Behind Struggle in Darfur,” Workers World, April 27, 2006]

In 1996, the U.S. sent nearly $20 million in surplus U.S. military equipment to Ethiopia, Eritrea and Uganda to topple the government of Sudan (The Washington Post, November 10, 1996), and it would appear that the U.S. and Britain are now competing with China, Sudan’s largest trading partner, for Sudan’s oil.

Southern Darfur, like southern Sudan, is rich in oil. The Chinese National Petroleum Corporation holds the large oil concession in southern Darfur. Chinese soldiers are alleged to be protecting Chinese oil interests.

To keep Sudan in a perpetual state of war, the U.S. makes sure at least one rebel group is on the move while another is engaged in peace talks. The recent round of “Save Darfur” demonstrations have taken place during a time of negotiations between government and rebel groups, and are designed to further destabilize the country. Yoshie Furuhashi explains, “The timing of the [April 30] rally was perfect, designed to coincide — and scuttle — the Abuja peace negotiations between the rebels and Khartoum brokered by the African Union, whose deadline is midnight today. And sure enough, the rebels rejected the peace deal.” The U.S. needs rebel groups to win bigger victories, if it is to reverse China’s current advantageous position in Sudan.–Brendan Stone, “The Logic of ‘Humanitarian Intervention’: Neocolonial tool serving geopolitical interests,” GlobalResearch.ca, May 13, 2006]

The mass media in the U.S., France and Britain are writing a great deal about the suffering in the Darfur region of western Sudan and the tensions between the Sudanese government and neighboring Chad. Not surprisingly, they write very little about the economic interests these three imperialist countries have in the oil recently discovered in this part of Africa.

“The root causes of the Darfur conflict are the doing of the Jewish organizations who financed this armed rebellion,

UK’s Petrofac, Schlumberger, of France, and Sweden’s Lundin Petroleum. There are also several Chinese and Indian oil and gas operators. Petrofac could not be reached for comment.

“http://www.washingtonpost.com/

http://www.workers.org

http://www.globalresearch.ca